The Status Of Cyberbullying And Cyberbullying Prevention

Review of the Status of Cyberbullying and Cyberbullying Prevention (2014), a scholarly article written by June Chisolm PhD, with the Department of Psychology at Pace University in New York, explores the effects of cyberbullying and the impact that it has on adolescents. The author first defined cyberbullying as â€Å"the intentional and repeated harm inflicted through the use of computers, cell phones, or other electronic devices† (pg.78). In recent studies, it was found that one in five youths will be cyberbullied, and the adolescents between the ages of 10 and 18 years of age, 19% of them will either be the victim or the perpetrator (para.4 pg.78). Cyberbullying has moved beyond high school and now found its way into college. The researchers did an exploratory research study of 1,025 undergraduates and of those students, that 24.6% had experienced some sort of bullying (para.5). What they also discovered was that 70% of those bullied in grade school through high school, were now bullying others while in college, while at the same time 50% of those bullied when they were younger, still were seeing the same results now that they were in college (para.7). How these students are bullied can come in different forms. The author looked at different forms such as â€Å"catfishing† where someone will make a fake online profile and trick someone into an emotional or romantic relationship (pg.79). Then people will pretend they are someone else, use a method called â€Å"ratting†, where aShow MoreRelatedCyberbullying, Prevention, And Results Of Cyberbullying1494 Words   |  6 Pagesas â€Å"a person who is habitually cru el or overbearing.† When these two words are combined, cyberbullying is best described as someone who uses the computer and access it provides to bully someone. 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The individuals who beat these obstacles accept they re at the highest pointRead MoreCyberbullying Is A Serious Problem1560 Words   |  7 PagesCyberbullying Teenagers have been bullying and pushing each other around since the beginning of times, But now with technology texting, IMing, Facebook, Myspace, Youtube, bullies not longer have to confront their victims face to face. They can stay in the shadows and torture their targets anonymously; this new phenomenon is called Cyberbullying. What is Cyberbullying? Cyberbullying is defined as aggressive; intentional act carried out by a group or individual using an electronic form of contact,Read MoreCyberbullying And How It Is Effecting Our Youth964 Words   |  4 PagesMy topic is on cyberbullying and how it is effecting our youth in schools today. Coming out of as a sophomore high school I had witnessed some bullying with my own eyes. Taking from that experience of not knowing what to do in that type of situation and environment, I would want to know how to make a difference. By gaining more knowledge of this topic it will help me push this information on to others. Hopefully making a diffe rence in pushing my knowledge further will do the same for others. In orderRead MoreBullying Is A Type Of Unwanted Aggressive Behavior Among Individuals1110 Words   |  5 Pagesbullying is usually done to impose bodily pain or humiliate the victim. Social bullying takes place when the bully manipulates the victim’s social status. This can be done by spreading rumors or ostracizing the victim from his or her friends. Social bullying is very similar to indirect bullying. The victim is frequently unaware of who the bully is. Cyberbullying Technology’s progression is connected to the innovation of human societies. The advancement of technology has changed the way people interactRead MoreIs Cyberbullying as Pervasive and as Dangerous as Physical Bullying?1028 Words   |  5 Pagesexperiences are types of cyberbullying. Lots of people have such cyberbullying experiences because it occurs more frequently than before. More specifically, cyberbullying is the use of the Internet, cell phones, or other electronic communication devices to spread harmful or embarrassing information in the form of text, photos or videos about another person. Cyberbullying is worse than physical bullying because of its serious consequences, and the person who suffers the cyberbullying would be hurt mentallyRead MoreAdolescent Bullying Using A Liquid, Best Policy Practice Approach Essay1499 Words   |  6 Pagesaddress, prevent, and punish bullying. Before taking steps to prevent bullying, it is important to first understand where concentrated problems exist and originate. The four most prominent forms of bullying in schools are physical, relational, and cyberbullying (Wang, Iannotti, Nansel, 2009). Many studies about the different categories of bullying commonly interchange the terms â€Å"aggression† and â€Å"bullying† when referring to the subtypes of aggression and bullying (relational, physical, verbal, etc.)Read MoreTechnology s Progression And The Advancement Of Human Societies1486 Words   |  6 Pagesallowed forms of transgression to become more rampant and widespread. This is evident when considering how traditional bullying has evolved into an issue today known as cyberbullying. While bullying and cyberbullying are often similar in terms of form and technique they also have many differences. Unlike traditional bullying, cyberbullying allows the offender to mask his or her identity behind a computer. This anonymity makes it easier for the offender to strike blows against a victim without having toRead MoreThe Effects Of Bullying On Different Adults People2469 Words   |  10 Pagesand mobile technology has provided additional mechanisms for bullies to reach victims. Mobile technologies provide the bully with the ability to contact the victim without having a face-to-face encounter. This phenomenon is referred to as cyberbullying. Cyberbullying has been defined as â€Å"sending or posting harmful or cruel text or false images using the Internet or other digital communication devices† to harm a victim (W,E,T page 21/22). In a survey at a Midwestern University by Walker et al, 54% ofRead MoreHarassment And Bullying On Social Media1568 Words   |  7 Pages(Piotrowski, 2009, p.324). In 1989 the World Wide Web, a service accessible via the Internet was invented (A Selective Timeline of The Internet and Censorship, n.a). It wasn’t until the popularization of internet sites that bullying derived into cyberbullying. Cyberbullying has been deï ¬ ned as a â€Å"form of intimidation, harassment, and mistreatment on the part of an individual or group towards another, which involves the use of technological means to channel the aggression repeatedly and involving an imbalance

Absolute Poverty Free Essays

POVERTY What is poverty? Poverty is the economic condition in which people lack sufficient income to obtain certain minimal levels of health services, food, housing, clothing, and education generally recognized as necessary to ensure an adequate standard of living. What is considered adequate, however, depends on the average standard of living in a particular society. Relative poverty is that experienced by those whose income falls considerably below the average for their particular society. We will write a custom essay sample on Absolute Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now Absolute poverty is that experienced by those who do not have enough food to remain healthy. However, estimating poverty on an income basis may not measure essential elements that also contribute to a healthy life. People without access to education or health services should be considered poor even if they have adequate food. CAUSES OF POVERTY One of the greatest challenges facing many least developed countries especially in the African continent is the worsening scourge of poverty with its attendant effects of unemployment, malnutrition, illiteracy, HIV/AIDS and destitution. There are many causes of poverty complex and multi-dimensional in nature. They involve among many others gender inequality, economical, political and social exclusion. Therefore any intervention measures designed to respond to the challenges above should be judged by their ability to positively make a significant dent on poverty at a micro level (lower levels of society such as the households or individual levels). There should be a clear linkage between macro level policies and micro level impacts in terms of reducing poverty or at least providing an environment for poverty reduction. Such a policy should be able to facilitate the delivery of basic needs to ordinary citizens and these include access to affordable food, health, education, shelter, water and sanitation, public information among many others. No one should be alienated from these basic and fundamental human rights on account of one’s poor economic status. IMPACT OF POVERTY ON BUSINESS OPERATIONS When a person doesn’t have disposable income he/she make purchases of commodities, goods and services. Therefore many cannot increase their sales. Production output drops. Some companies put their staff on short time. This further reduces disposable income. Financial sectors do not grant credit to low- income earners therefore the financial market suffers. Inflation rises. The GDP of the country drops. The price of goods and services increase. The people with low income and those that receive social grants do not have enough many to but commodities. Companies that do not make high turnovers cannot plough moneys back into communities for social upliftment. ALLEVIATION OF POVERTY BY THE GOVERNMENT Aid refers to the net flow of official development assistance provide by governments, international agencies, and public institutions of the industrialized countries. The term is also used to encompass help (both material and technical) provided by non- governmental organizations (NGOs) and voluntary agencies to countries and people in need, particularly for disaster or emergency relief. The overall portfolio of assistance of a donor, or the range of aid I provides to a particular country, is often referred to as its aid programme. The various recognized categories of aid such as: Bilateral aid * Project aid * Grant aid * Technical assistance * Emergency aid/Disaster relief * Food aid * Voluntary aid GLOBAL POVERTY! IS BUSINESS THE ANSWER? When activists discuss the way less developed countries have missed out on the benefits of globalization, Multinational Corporations are often portrayed as the villains. But to some, they are the solution and the only one. CONCLUTION In conclusion I would just like to say that we, as South Africans, need to show the world that we are strong and we are better prepared for global turmoil than we previously were. WE ARE HERE TO STAY!! How to cite Absolute Poverty, Papers Absolute Poverty Free Essays Absolute poverty is a level of poverty defined in terms of the minimal requirements necessary to afford minimal standards of food, clothing, health care and shelter. For the measure to be absolute, the line must be the same in different countries, cultures, and technological levels. Such an absolute measure should look only at the individual’s power to consume and it should be independent of any changes in income distribution. We will write a custom essay sample on Absolute Poverty or any similar topic only for you Order Now The intuition behind an absolute measure is that mere survival takes essentially the same amount of resources across the world and that everybody should be subject to the same standards if meaningful comparisons of policies and progress are to be made. Notice that if everyone’s real income in an economy increases, and the income distribution does not change, absolute poverty will decline. Measuring poverty by an absolute threshold has the advantage of applying the same standard across different locations and time periods, it makes comparisons easier. On the other hand, it suffers from the disadvantage that any absolute poverty threshold is to some extent arbitrary; the amount of wealth required for survival is not the same in all places and time periods. For example, a person living in far northern Scandinavia requires a source of heat during colder months, while a person living on a tropical island does not. This type of measure is often contrasted with measures of relative poverty, which classify individuals or families as â€Å"poor† not by comparing them to a fixed cutoff point, but by comparing them to others in the population under study. The term absolute poverty is also sometimes used as a synonym for extreme poverty. The poverty threshold is the minimum level of income considered satisfactory in a given country. The common perceptive of the poverty line is considerably higher in developed countries than in developing countries. In the past, the common international poverty line has been roughly $1 a day. In 2008, the World Bank came out with a revised figure of $1. 25 at 2005 purchasing-power parity. Determining the poverty line is typically done by finding the total cost of all essential resources that an average human adult consumes in one year. Apartment rent is the largest expense that is required to live, so economists have paid particular attention to the real estate market and housing prices as a strong poverty line factor. Whether one is a parent, elderly, a child, married, etc. are used to account for different circumstances. The poverty threshold may be adjusted each year. National estimates are based on population weighted subgroup estimates from household surveys. Definitions of the poverty line may vary considerably among nations. For example, rich nations generally employ more generous standards of poverty than poor nations. In 2010, in the United States, the poverty threshold for one person under 65 was $11,344 the threshold for a family group of four, including two children, was $22,133. According to the U. S. Census Bureau data released on September 13, 2011, the nation’s poverty rate rose to 15. 1 percent in 2010. In the UK, â€Å"more than five million people – over a fifth of all employees – were paid less than ? . 67 an hour in April 2006. This is based on a low pay rate of 60 percent of full-time median earnings, equivalent to a little over ? 12,000 a year for a 35-hour working week. In April 2006, a 35-hour week would have earned someone ? 9,191 a year – before tax or National Insurance†. India’s official poverty level, on the other hand, is split according to rural vs. urban thresholds. For urban dwellers, the poverty line is defined as living on less than 538. 60 rupees per month, whereas for rural dwellers, it is defined as living on less than 356. 5 rupees per month. Using a poverty threshold is difficult because having an income marginally above it is not very different from having an income marginally below it. The negative effects of poverty tend to be continuous rather than discrete, and the same low income affects different people in different ways. To overcome this problem, poverty indices are sometimes used instead. A poverty threshold relies on a quantitative, or numbers based, measure of income. If other human development indicators like health and education are used, they must be quantified. In-kind gifts, whether from public or private sources, are not counted when calculating a poverty threshold. For example, if a parent pays the rent on an apartment for an adult child directly to the apartment owner, instead of giving the money to the child to pay the rent, then that money does not count as income to the child. If a church or non-profit organization gives food to an elderly person, the value of the food is not counted as income to the elderly person. The official poverty measure counts only monetary income. It considers antipoverty programs such as food stamps, housing assistance, the Earned Income Tax Credit, Medicaid and school lunches, among others, not income. So, despite everything these programs do to relieve poverty, they aren’t counted as income when the poverty rate is measured. Studies measuring the difference between income before and after taxes and government transfers have found that without these programs poverty would be roughly 30% to 40% higher than the official poverty line indicates, despite many of their benefits not being counted as income. How to cite Absolute Poverty, Essay examples

Contemporary Accounting Theory Regulatory Framework

Question: 1) Investigate and write a brief history of the IFRS. 2) Select any country and report on its current accounting regulatory framework and its progress towards standardising on IFRS. Answer: Introduction Accounting theory is a set of methodologies and assumptions that are used in the application and study of the financial reporting principles. Generally, the study of the accounting theory includes review of both the ways in which accounting practices are changed and are added to the regulatory framework as well as the historical foundations of accounting practices. This helps to govern the financial reporting and financial statements. All the theories that are associated with accounting are bounded by the conceptual framework of accounting. The Financial Accounting Standards Board provides the framework and works to establish and structure the main objectives of the financial reporting by both private and public businesses (Glover Werner 2015, pp. 113-131). Moreover, accounting theory is considered as the logical reasoning that helps in evaluating and guiding the accounting practices. Additionally, the regulatory standards of accounting theory also help in developing new accounting procedures and practices. Therefore, International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) have been structured as a universal language for businesses such that the financial records of the organizations are easily explicable as well as analogous across international limitations. 1. A Brief History of the IFRS In the year 1973, the organization named International Accounting Standards Committee (IASC) was established in order to deal with the requirement for the principles that can be utilized by the minor countries for developing their personal standards of accounting (Markelevich, Riley Shaw 2015, p. 8). Moreover, in the year 2001, this particular cluster was thrived by the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB). The basis of IASB is in London and it is a standard authority for setting the private sector for both non-profit entities and non-government entities. On the basis of the background of various countries and their technical skills, all the fifteen members have been selected. It has been found that four out of the total numbers of associates are American and only two among the sitting associates are constantly as part-time. The activities related to fund raising mainly help to fund the IASB. However, one of the challenges or issues that are faced by the body is the conve rsion to IFRS and it makes sure that the IASB possesses a constant basis of fund generation for the prospectus activities. The main aim of the IASB is to propagate the IFRS. It has been found that in the United States, the structure of governance is much alike to the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) and the IASB directly responds to the Foundation of IASC. It has been noted that with the growth of the international markets, the longing of the international corporations for single set of financial declarations and the requirement for single international language for reporting, the IASB and the FASB concerned the Norwalk Agreement in the year 2002. This particular agreement indicated that their assurance to establish a solitary set of elevated quality standards that would reduce the expenses, raise rate of effectiveness and offer superior and detailed information and data to the investors. In the starting of the year 2005, the European Union (EU) needed its listed organizations to organize the combined financial statements underneath the IFRS. During the year 2006, the IASB and the FASB got on several numbers of combined chief ventures (Ionascu et al. 2014, p. 311). The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) undertook two activities throughout the year 2007 and hastens the timeframe of the modification from the GAAP to the IFRS (Borke r 2013, p. 167). Then in the month of November of the same year, the SEC Final Release considered overseas filers in the U.S. in order to develop for submitting the financial declaration as per the IFRS devoid of settlement to the GAAP. Then a Concept Release was subjected by the SEC in the month of December in order to seek feedback on allowing all the public companies of U.S. to consider the option of using IFRS as an alternative of GAAP. It has been found that when the AICPA Council modified the Rule 203 of the Code of Professional Conduct in the month of May of the year 2008 in order to identify the IASB as a global standard of accounting setter, then all the private companies along with the non-profit firms were provided with the alternative of following the IFRS (Jones 2012, pp. 112-126). At present, the IFRS is composed of nine IFRS and forty-one IAS and some of them have been outmoded. A strict code of due diligence along with the FASB has been employed during the process of promulgation. It has been found that nowadays, more than 12000 companies have adopted the IFRS across the world i.e. in around hundred countries (Nobes Stadler 2013, pp. 573-595). These particular nations either permit or require IFRS on the source of the preparation of the financial announcement by the public companies. The nations which have already adopted the IFRS are Australia, Israel, New Zealand, the European Union States and Canada. On the other hand, the countries which are in the process of adoption of IFRS include Japan, India, Nepal and many more. Therefore, in a summarized way, it can be said that the International Financial Reporting Standards are the interpretations that are based on some principles and standards that have been incorporated by the IASB as a framework for the international financial reporting (Pacter 2015, p.13). In other words, it can also be said that the IFRS is the guideline that are followed by the international companies for preparing their financial statements. It was formerly known as IAS (International Accounting Standards), however in the year 2001 the IASB took the dependability for locating the IAS. From then onwards, the IASB has been continued in order to establish the standards that are known as IFRS. It has been found that about 120 nations and reporting authorities entail or permit IFRS for the domestic listed businesses, although around 90 states have wholly conformed to the IFRS as propagated by the IASB (Smith, Boje Foster 2013, p.27). This also includes a statement of acknowledging such conformity in the report of audit. 2. Current Accounting Regulatory Framework For studying the adoption of the IFRS, the country India has been selected and along with the progress of adoption of IFRS towards its standardization, the current accounting regulatory framework of India has also been studied critically. It has been found that within the country India, the accounting regulatory framework that has been currently implemented is the Accounting Standards (AS). As per Evans Kamla (2016, pp. 126-139), India requires major improvements in the present Accounting Standards of the country. It has been found that over 100 countries in the worldwide require change and many of the nations are in the way of replacement and acceptance of the standard. This is generally based on two concepts and the principles are primarily based on accrual and going concern. Opined to Cotter (2012, pp. 52-78), its framework is qualitative and it can be characterized as relevance, understandability, comparability and reliability. Indian Accounting Standards are a set of principle s of accounting that are indicated by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs that are converged with the IFRS (International Financial Reporting Standards). It has been found that the principles of accounting are formulated by the countrys Accounting Standards Board of Institute of Chartered Accountants. Presently, India has two sets of principles of accounting; these are principles of accounting under Companies Rules, 2006 and the IFRS joined with the Indian Accounting Standards. It has been noted that as per Marulkar et al. (2013, pp.125-142), the convergence towards the Global Standards is required as the last decade has resulted into a huge change in the international economic scenario. The emergence of the corporations in search of money not only for the growth of fuelling rather also to sustain the currently occurring activities has raised the capital from all parts of the world cutting across the frontiers. According to Srivastava Gupta (2014, p. 7), each nation has its own sets of rules and regulations regarding financial and accounting reporting. Thus, every organization should follow all the accounting and financial rules of a particular nation especially when it expands its business to other overseas countries. Therefore, it has been found that the international investors and analysts generally prefer to compare the financial statements on the basis of similar accounting standards. Thus, this willingness of the international investors and analysts of implementing international standards of accounting and financing supports the growth for an internationally accepted set of standards of accounting for cross border filings. In addition to this, the harmonization of the financial reporting will help to increase the confidence level of the investors and this will make them able to use their decisions and also to assess their risks. A high demand was recognized by the legislation in order to bring in rationalization, uniformity, transparency, adaptability and comparability in the financial statements. Thus, a better way can be suggested to get rid of all the issues faced by various methodologies of standards is to have one set of international standards of high quality that are set in the interest of public. Opined to Ahmed, Neel Wang (2013, pp.1344-1372), with the passage of time, it has been found that the feel for the need of the convergence with the IFRS by the Indian businessmen and accountants increased constantly. In addition to this, it has been noted that the capital markets provide a vital explanation for the change that take place. The accounting standards that are accepted internationally becomes the language of communication for the companies of India. In order to bring the Standards of accounting of India at par with the IFRS/ IAS, some of the prior Accounting Standards and Guidance Notes have been revised. Nevertheless, currently, the Accounting Standard Board along with core group composed by the MICA (Ministry of Corporate Affairs) with the aim to convergence the Indian Accounting Standards (IFRS) has decided that two sets of separate sets of Accounting Standards should be prepared. These include firstly, Indian Accounting Standards converged with the IFRS and secondly , the present Accounting Standards. According to Agarwal (2015, p.92), it has been found that after the enactment of the Companies Act of the year 2013, the Ministry of corporate affairs has transferred its goals on rolling out international standards of reporting for the companies of India. The ministry intends to implement the IFRS with the organizations that have a net worth of more than Rs 1000 crore from 1st April 2015. Secondly, both the unlisted and listed companies having a net worth of more than Rs 500 crore but lesser than Rs 1000 crore will have to converge with the IAS from the beginning of the financial year 1st April, 2016. As per Mishra Aggarwal (2014, pp. 152-169), the IFRS has been put on the back burner by the countrys government as per the provided issues highlighted by the corporate and unsettled issues of taxation. Opined to Landsman, Maydew Thornock (2012, pp.34-54), the implementation of the IFRS is expected to cause some disturbance in the finances of the companies in the initial stage as the standards for protecting the real value of the assets. According to Kamath Desai (2014, p. 25), various sectors like real estate and banking might be hit. As per the result of the sector-wise study that has been conducted by the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India, it has been found that all the Indian companies which have been listed overseas presently prepare the financial statements according to the International Standards. However, it has also been noted that the banking companies might exempt from the implementation of the IFRS. Lastly, it has been found that in the beginning of the financial year 2017, the relatively smaller firms should require to prepare their accounts according to the International Standards. As rightly stated by Reddy Desai (2015, p. 7), the primary sectors that might be affected include finance, oil and gas, infrastructure and telecom companies. More than 100 countries have already accepted the IFRS, but the country India has congregated its st andards of accounting with the international standards of reporting. At present, the countries like the U.S., India and Japan are considered as the primary economies which have not adopted the IFRS. On the other hand, the countries like Russia, Brazil and Canada switched over to IFRS in the last year. As per Singh (2014, pp. 79-87), the implementation of the IFRS has both positive and negative effects on the financial and accounting regulations of the country India. The shift of the accounting and financial regulations to IFRS is not only a technical accounting exercise, rather it is an exercise in the change management that offers various opportunities for the process of improvement. It has been found that the shifting of the accounting standards generally provide offers to the companies regarding their improvement in various ways. Firstly, the implementation of IFRS might reshape the systems of management reporting in order to manage both the financial statement and accounting generation. This also provides leadership to the company with important information. Secondly, the implementation of IFRS in the companies of India might improve the disclosure to the investors, analysts, stakeholders and regulators regarding the financial situation, results and other indicators of perform ance of a particular firm. Thirdly, this implementation of IFRS within the organizations might also improve the metrics that are used for evaluating the executive performance as well as the company performance. Fourthly, the IFRS implementation benchmark itself alongside its worldwide peers. Fifthly, it also ensures all the team members of finance regarding having training, skills and knowledge that are required to perform their roles accurately. Lastly, the incorporation of the IFRS makes the accounting policy choices which are aligned with the worldwide industry practice. Opined to Yadav Sharma (2012, pp. 59-86), the adoption of IFRS by the corporate of India is considered as very challenging as well as also rewarding at the same time. The corporate of India is expected to harvest important advantages from adoption of IFRS. On the other hand, the experience of the EU focuses various perceived advantages due to the outcome of adoption of IFRS. Moreover, most of the financial statement preparers, investors and auditors agreed that implementation of IFRS has improved the quality of financial statements and it was also considered as a positive development for the financial reporting of EU. Conclusion Therefore, it can be concluded that there is an urgent requirement for addressing all the challenges and should also work towards entire adoption of the IFRS in the country India. The important requirement is to develop an adequate IFRS skills and the expansive knowledge base amongst the accounting professionals of India in order to manage the translation projects for the Indian corporate. This can be performed by leveraging the experience and knowledge that have been gained from the IFRS conversion in other nations. It can also be done by implementing IFRS into the curriculum of the courses of professional accounting. Finally, it can be said that it is crucial for the Indian corporate to make their attentiveness better for the adoption of IFRS and to get the process of conversion correct. The present condition of the market and any restatement of the outputs due to minor errors in the process of conversion might be detrimental to the organization that is involved and might also dama ge the confidence of the investors in the financial system severely. References Agarwal, R 2015, Make in India: An Emperial study of International Financial Reporting Standards,Impact of'Make in India'Efforts on Management of Business, vol. 2, no. 1, p.92. Ahmed, A.S., Neel, M. Wang, D 2013, Does mandatory adoption of IFRS improve accounting quality? Preliminary evidence,Contemporary Accounting Research,vol. 30, no.4, pp.1344-1372. Borker, D.R 2013, Is there a favorable cultural profile for IFRS?: an examination and extension of Gray's accounting value hypotheses,The International Business Economics Research Journal (Online),vol. 12, no. 2, p.167. Evans, L. Kamla, R 2016, Language and translation in accounting, Language and translation,vol. 26, no. 1, pp. 126-139. Glover, H. Werner, E.M 2015, Teaching IFRS: Options for Instructors. InAdvances in Accounting Education: Teaching and Curriculum Innovations (pp. 113-131), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, UK. Ionascu, M., Ionascu, I., Sacarin, M. Minu, M 2014, IFRS adoption in developing countries: the case of Romania,Accounting and Management Information Systems, vol.13, no. 2, p.311. Kamath, R. Desai, R 2014, The Impact of IFRS Adoption on the Financial Activities of Companies in India: An Empirical Study, IUP Journal of Accounting Research Audit Practices,vol. 13, no. 3, p.25. Landsman, W.R., Maydew, E.L. Thornock, J.R 2012, The information content of annual earnings announcements and mandatory adoption of IFRS, Journal of Accounting and Economics, vol.53, no. 1, pp.34-54. Markelevich, A., Riley, T. Shaw, L 2015, Towards Harmonizing Reporting Standards and Communication of International Financial Information: The Status and the Role of IFRS and XBRL,Journal of Knowledge Globalization,vol. 8, no. 2, p. 8. Marulkar, K.V., Vataliya, K.S., Parmar, B.N., Ghorecha, V., Bhatt, C., Agrawal, P., Verma, J.S., Rewadikar, B., Soni, S. Jain, J 2013, Globalisation of Financial Reporting System through Implementing IFRS in India, International Journal,vol. 1, no. 3, pp.125-142. Nobes, C. Stadler, C 2013, How arbitrary are international accounting classifications? Lessons from centuries of classifying in many disciplines, and experiments with IFRS data,Accounting, Organizations and Society, vol. 38, no. 8, pp.573-595. Pacter, P 2015, Global Reach of IFRS Is Expanding,The CPA Journal, vol. 85, no.7, p.13. Reddy, G.S. Desai, R 2015, Explanatory Process for Adoption of IFRS in Indian Banks,IUP Journal of Accounting Research Audit Practices, vol. 14, no. 1, p.7. Singh, S 2014, Experts Opinion on Feasibility of IFRS in Indian Financial Reporting System.Edited Book on Management Innovations, Mc Graw Hill Education, New Delhi. Smith, W.L., Boje, D.M. Foster III, T.W 2013, On the tetranormalization of US GAAP and IFRS: A socioeconomic approach,Proceedings of the American Accounting Association (AAA), vol.1, p.27. Bandyopadhyay, J McGee, P.F 2012, A progress report: IFRS-US GAAP convergence and its curriculum impact,Journal of Competitiveness Studies,vol. 20, no.1/2, p.78. Srivastava, A. Gupta, P 2014, Adoption and Implementation of IFRS in India: A Corporate Experience,IUP Journal of Accounting Research Audit Practices, vol.13, no. 4, p.7.

Why soccer is not famous in United States Essay Example Essay Example

Why soccer is not famous in United States Essay Example Paper Why soccer is not famous in United States Essay Introduction Many people around the world refer football as the official name for soccer and therefore according to them the two names are simply Synonymous. However in America, football is very different from soccer. Football is used in western countries to mean American football (Colin 46). The major difference between American football and soccer arise from the rules and technicalities of the two (Morrow 23). In soccer, the only person who can touch the ball using hands is the goal keeper; the rest can only use the legs and the rest of the body to handle the ball. The ball is kicked by the players all round the field aiming to score at the opponent goal. On the other hand, in Football the ball is carried by hand or thrown by hand only and only person allowed to kick the goal is the kicker and the punter. The team aims at a touch line or turning the ball to the other team (24).Nevertheless, the two sports have similarities in that they are played very hard and rough. Both sports are in most cas es thought to be brutal and masculine hence attracting very few women to like the game. Football players wear full helmet and pads for protection while their soccer counterparts wear pads and other protective materials. The fans for both sports are similar in their love for the sport, they separate according to the team they are passionately cheering for, while hating the opponent team (Frankline 134).The popularity of American football as compared to soccer is one of the major reason as to why soccer is not is famous in United States. According to McGill, The origin of what is now known as modern American football can be traced from the early versions of rugby football at around 1869 (58). Both rugby and American football stems in the varieties of football that was being played in Europe in the middle of 19th century. Soccer or the real football as many would like to refer to it, have its root in the Boston game way back in 1873 at Harvard from the Boston game at Harvard University in 1873. Although American football has its roots in United Kingdom, it was adopted in United States more than where it came from (114).Sports culture in United States is another reason why soccer is not famous in United States. Rogers notes that, despite the fact that sports are an important part of the American culture; their sporting culture is very different from other countries (56). They have unique set of favorite sports while discriminating the rest (57). Among the most preferred sports in United States are basketball, American football, baseball, rugby and ice hockey. The fact that these sports are rarely available elsewhere in the world seems to make United States like their sport culture even more (82).Roger observes that Soccer in United States attracts very minimal media exposure as compared to other games in United States (13). In addition most investors are attracted to other sports rather than soccer, leaving the soccer industries without enough finances to attract massive competition and the media. Other major leagues of the other most preferred sports attract enormous media coverage and also prominent competition leaving a major financial base and huge domestic market behind them (29).Lack of developed systems for soccer in United States is among the major contributor of reduced popularity of United States soccer. Soccer associations in United States are far much behind as compared to the United Kingdom. System of promotion and relegation of soccer clubs does not exist in United States like in Europe. Moreover major sports leagues exist as system of exist as associations of franchise making it Very hard to development soccer (Frankline 48).According to Morrow, the extent to which various sports are associated with tertiary and secondary education is unique in United States (77). Basketball and American football are the most favorite game in learning institutions. It is no wonder that they are also among the favorites nationally (80). Looking at football in high school and tertiary institutions, it is regarded as the game for the affluent and there fore given stereotypes names. The younger generation develops their dislike for soccer right from these institutions translating the same to the older generation (82).Americans prefers electrifying and adrenaline raising sports activities which soccer may not provide. Life is on the first lane in United States, and therefore increased stress and anxiety disorder is the order of the day (Franklin 50). An exciting and electrifying game is essential for the fans to release stress. Soccer is not regarded as one of the electrifying sports and therefore not one of the American favorites. Most of the soccer games take time before any team scores a goal and this leads to the fans being too eager for the team they are supporting to score. If the team they are not supporting score a goal this may lead to some fighting with people who are supporting the other team. Anyone, who maybe suf fering from attention disorder cannot make it to watch soccer since waiting the teams to make a score demands patience from the funs (Franklin 69). Other sports which dominate in popularity are considered exciting for both players and funs. Competitions from other sports like basketball, baseball and hockey have also led to soccer having fewer fans. There are other entertainment which keeps most of the youth busy in USA hence they do not pay much attention to soccer and its importance to them (Franklin 82).Majority of people who plays soccer outside USA have made it their career and they earn lucrative amounts. In united states, soccer have not grown to that level and even most people who play it, do it not for dollars but not for fun. This has impacted in reduced morale and motivation to advance soccer to greater heights since players are expected to juggle sports with other careers in order to earn a living. When Soccer was introduced in USA, it was viewed as a sport for working c lass. It was until recently that the mentality has changed. It is now viewed as a sport for all people including suburban, middle and upper middle class people (Morrow 90).The quality of soccer in united states is still very low as compared to other sports in united states .although the quality have improved over the years comparing it from earlier days when soccer was introduced, soccer in Europe is far much advanced.The footholds of soccer in United States is however beginning to show up especially in town areas where there are working-class. This can be explained by the high percentage of people who are immigrants from soccer dominated countries (Morrow 92).A bad example set by the regions where soccer is highly valued may have led in one way or another to reduced popularity of soccer in United States. Violence based on racial differences amongst the funs and players is not a thing the peaceful Americans may want to be associated with.Reasons as to why soccer is not popular in we stern world ranges from demographic, economical and social aspect to the culture of the American people (Colin 235). One of the factors of course is the marketability of soccer in United States which according to Colin, is always faced with its own fare share of hurdles (235). Another factor is the issue of gender and the people s perception on the major league soccer and the masculinity of the game. Majority of women in the United States for example have negative attitude in their mind that, it is only men who can participate in major league soccer. They strongly believe that football is for men a notion that Colin consider to be misplaced since football is a good sport for women as well (238).The masculinity mentality has been entrenched even to the women soccer funs leading to shortage in female soccer funs who are regarded as pace setters when it comes to cheering a team. In addition, soccer is still considered as an alien to some people in United States. Mostly of the Kids in U nited States are socialized to view soccer as a sport for foreigners the same way marathon and long distance athletics is viewed. Most people who did not grow up with soccer see it as a boring sport and find it hard to be fans of soccer. Constrain of conservatism as Franklin says, can also be a factor leading to anti-soccer entrance. Majority of people in US have this assumption that soccer will never be popular (95).Nevertheless, soccer in United States is now gaining grounds in most of the states. It is one of the most favorites among the large European and Latino immigrant population like in Chicago, Los Angeles, New York, and Texas (McGill 74). The dramatic growth in participation of youth has have over the year accelerated the national steady growth in their style of playing since 1990. At the moment almost as many girls as boys play soccer in United States and that has contributed to the women national team growth as well (76). Although the major leagues have not attracted ade quate attention as the major leagues outside United States, they have shown an upward progress in popularity (77).Over the years, the soccer federations have continued to grow and expand from a single team membership to many teams and they have also advanced beyond being just a soccer championship. Roger observes that, Soccer have grown not only to be one of the popular televised events in United States but also a major source of advertising source of revenue for the television network (123). He concludes that, although soccer still have a long way to go considering the minimal media coverage, it is beginning to attract recommendable media coverage as the number of advertisers wishing to debut elaborate and expensive commercial continue to increase day by day (125).The soccer governing body is the heart of soccer in any country, it operate league systems and normally categorizes teams in various divisions. They come out with a clear schedule on how each team will play each other in the league at home and away. At the end of the season, the officials of the soccer governing council come together to determine the winner of league and the best payers for the season. The council is mandated to reward the best performer and share the salaries between clubs. The governing bodies also help to stop the rich team from stockpiling the top players (Colin 15). Why soccer is not famous in United States Essay Thank you for reading this Sample!

Free Essays on Rocking Horse Resorts

Immagistic Writting What is paradise? Well, according to Webster’s Dictionary it is a place of bliss. One thing I want to know is what factors make any one place a paradise. A paradise varies from one person’s eyes to another. Some people think paradise is somewhere like Hawaii. Another person can feel a state of bliss can be found in grandma’s kitchen. To me, paradise is a place where I can forget everything on my mind sit back and simply free myself physically and intellectually. My personal paradise is a place in upstate New York called Rocking Horse Resorts. The first thing I noticed, when I arrived in Rocking Horse was the air. From the minute I step out of my car I can immediately tell that I am no longer in New York City. Each breath that I take when I am here is unforgettable. The air here is clean and crisp; in addition it carries a feeling of pure innocence. The air here has not been corrupted with heavy pollution from cars or factories. In a place of purity like this just taking in one breath is an experience for all five senses. The aromas of the many types of wild flowers, the tall evergreen trees, and the mist of the surrounding running water allows you not only to smell the freshness of the countryside, but to see and feel theses sensations as well. In addition to the air at Rocking Horse, the lake is marvel of its own. When I go outside at sunrise and look at the lake from abroad it appears to be a sheet of glass. The reflection of the rising sun makes the water look golden and undisturbed. When the cool morning breeze of that brisk mountain air blows by, the water develops soft ripples that gracefully flow over its top in tranquil, yet irregular patterns. The water in this lake is so clean that you can drink from it. When I move closer to the lake and stand at its shoreline I can look straight down and see the bottom. I see an array of fish that are all different colors, shapes and sizes. The specie... Free Essays on Rocking Horse Resorts Free Essays on Rocking Horse Resorts Immagistic Writting What is paradise? Well, according to Webster’s Dictionary it is a place of bliss. One thing I want to know is what factors make any one place a paradise. A paradise varies from one person’s eyes to another. Some people think paradise is somewhere like Hawaii. Another person can feel a state of bliss can be found in grandma’s kitchen. To me, paradise is a place where I can forget everything on my mind sit back and simply free myself physically and intellectually. My personal paradise is a place in upstate New York called Rocking Horse Resorts. The first thing I noticed, when I arrived in Rocking Horse was the air. From the minute I step out of my car I can immediately tell that I am no longer in New York City. Each breath that I take when I am here is unforgettable. The air here is clean and crisp; in addition it carries a feeling of pure innocence. The air here has not been corrupted with heavy pollution from cars or factories. In a place of purity like this just taking in one breath is an experience for all five senses. The aromas of the many types of wild flowers, the tall evergreen trees, and the mist of the surrounding running water allows you not only to smell the freshness of the countryside, but to see and feel theses sensations as well. In addition to the air at Rocking Horse, the lake is marvel of its own. When I go outside at sunrise and look at the lake from abroad it appears to be a sheet of glass. The reflection of the rising sun makes the water look golden and undisturbed. When the cool morning breeze of that brisk mountain air blows by, the water develops soft ripples that gracefully flow over its top in tranquil, yet irregular patterns. The water in this lake is so clean that you can drink from it. When I move closer to the lake and stand at its shoreline I can look straight down and see the bottom. I see an array of fish that are all different colors, shapes and sizes. The specie...

Latins 1st Conjugation Verbs

Latin's 1st Conjugation Verbs There are four  conjugations of Latin verbs that you need to learn to read or translate  Latin. In addition to the verbs of the 4 regular conjugations, there are also several irregular verbs. The Latin 1st conjugation verbs, like the Latin 1st declension nouns, are marked by an a as in amare. Noting this a (a thematic vowel) should help you to distinguish verbs of the first conjugation from those of the second, third, or fourth conjugations. Amare:To Love The infinitive (which we translate as to ...) ending for the first conjugation is -are. Note that there is no separate word to. The infinitive includes the sense of to within it. One of the difficulties of Latin is learning that there is often not a neat, one-to-one correspondence between words in English and Latin. The infinitive of the 1st conjugation verb. e.g., amare, translates into English as to love. The 4 principal parts of a 1st conjugation verb have the following endings: -o, -are, -avi, -atus. A typical verb is laudo praise, so its principal parts are: laudolaudarelaudavilaudatus. Infinitives Active Present - portare to carry, to be carryingPerfect - portavisse to have carriedFuture - portaturus esse to be about to carry, to be going to be carrying Passive Present - portari to be carriedPerfect - portatus esse to have been carriedFuture - portatum iri to be about to be carried, to be going to be carried, to be carried Participles Active Present - portans carryingFuture - portaturus about to carry Passive Perfect - portatus loved, having been carriedFuture - portandus to be carried Imperative Active Present - porta, portate (second person) Carry!Future - portato, portatote (second person)portato, portanto (third person) Passive Present - portare, portamini (second person) Be carried!Future - portator (second person singular)portator, portantor (third person)

Policy Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Humor Concept Speech Essay Example for Free

Humor Concept Speech Essay The two clips I showed are ones that I find particularly hilarious. Not for any particular reason other than the fact that I just do. That’s the beauty of humor; it’s not a science, it’s an art. There is no magical equation to making an audience or even a person laugh at every presented joke because each person has their own sense of humor. Today, we’ll be exploring the definition, synonyms and antonyms, how different types of humor are linked to our society and central aspects that make humor so individual centered. The word humor has various definitions. Wikipedia defines humor as the tendency of particular cognitive experiences to provoke laughter and provide amusement; whereas theasarus.com merely defines it as comedy and/or funniness. The term derives from the humoral medicine of the ancient Greeks, which taught that the balance of fluids in the human body, known as humors (Latin: humor, body fluid), control human health and emotion. A few synonyms include amusement, banter and happiness. Antonyms include drama, depression and seriousness. Do you know what the films Super Bad, Tropic Thunder, Anchorman, Animal House, The Hangover, Bridesmaids, Zoolander, Air Plane, Talladega Night, Monty Python and the Holy Grail, Juno, Team America: World Police, Wayne’s World and Step Brother have in common? (pause for audience answers, if any) They all ended up on Best comedy lists for their year of release and that decade. Each of these films may have the fact that they are all comedies in common but that is where the similarities end. Each caters to a specific audience and a particular type of humor. Let’s take a look at various television shows of the last few decades. The Cosby Show, Roseanne, The Office, 30 ROCK, Parks and Recreations, Fresh Prince of Bel-Air, Modern Family, Full House, I Love Lucy, Three’s Company, Will and Grace, Family Guy and Batman. Yes, I said Batman. All of the shows, much like the movies mentioned earlier, apply different techniques and cater to different audiences. The earlier show s such as I Love Lucy, Three’s Company, Batman rely on slapstick humor and exaggeration in order to entertain. It’s a more, simplistic and physical style of comedy. These shows were bit farcical which is merely a comedy of errors. One of those â€Å"I overheard part of s conversation and completely misunderstood the context. Let hilarity in sue. Later on though as our society developed so did the comedy. It moved from farcical to more of a situational comedy, focusing on familial discord. Shows in this genre are Full House, Fresh Prince of Bel-Air and Roseanne. These shows still strike a chord today due to their relatable situations. The comedy of the current time demands that you are educated; as we become more sophisticated so does our comedy. Today’s comedies feature biting wit and pop culture references galore. Many of the most popular shows of today are satires. We’ve evolved as a society in the west and require than a clever disguise to keep us entertain so why not poke fun at ourselves. Shows like Modern Family, 30 Rock, The Office and Parks and Recreations all re ally on the fact that nothing is funnier than imitating life. Each takes a standard concept and uses exaggeration to make it funny. But that doesn’t explain why we find it funny? What makes these shows humorous? Many of the shows don’t appeal to some and yet others swear by them. What makes people experience humor so differently? According to BBC writer Tom Stafford, it’s a part of the brain that developed before the higher learning complex, so it’s a primal response; a communicative gesture. But it’s unclear as to why. From a sociological standpoint it’s individualized because it stems from our experiences and moral teachings. This is why, according to BBC writer Jonathan Duffy, many shows that try to function in a different culture have a hard time. British shows rarely do well on American Television and vice versa with two exceptions being The Office and Queer as Folk. Each nation developed with different societal teachings. This cannot be said of Asiatic countries, which have various remakes of each other’s shows with no problem. Everyone has experienced life differently. While some people may enjoy the same types of humor or similar aspects no two persons will find all of the exact same things funny. We may never truly know what makes us respond the way we do to certain situations. For now we might as well sit back, relax and enjoy life’s funny moments.

Health, Safety and Nutrition Essay -- Health Nutrition Pyramid Diet

The reason I chose to do my project on a game that can hit all three areas safety, health, and nutrition, is because all three areas are important to children and their families. As a parent I can easily justify the role a teacher has on the lives of our children. It is usually a parent does not know anything and the teacher is always right. In the eye’s of a child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Many times well most of the time what you teach a child it usually stays with them, and if it is presented in a fun way it is almost certain that to stay with them longer. More important children like to share their new information with their families, some of the information may be new. So not only are you teaching their children you are also teaching them.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Before I introducing this game I would send out information to each child’s family so they will be familiar with some of the questions. Of coarse it is important not to send to much information so it will not become overwhelming. It is also important to get the families input, any way to get parents involved is important.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Why safety? Safety is important no matter where your child may be. Any information that a child learns in safety can easily be reinforced. From talking to strangers to playing with fire. This is important everywhere, not only in school but at home or in public places. Many times parents as well as teachers tend to overlook simple things like how unsafe playing with sharp objects, can be, such as pencils. Also taking simple precautions, as covering outlets, or not leaving cords hanging from drapes. This is why safety is important and why it can be life saving to many families.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Not long ago, many safety issues were not addressed the way they are now. Why has it changed so much in the past several years? I stop and look back at my life as an infant and a child many things have changed drastically. When I was a infant car seats were not required, to think the safety of my life was at risk, I can recall a time being involved in a accident and I was lucky I did not fly out of the windshield, being that I use to like to stand up o... ...e a good choice or a family member makes a good choice. Sometimes it takes something like a game with fact to have families more aware of the choices that they make the good and the bad. We are only human and we can easily fall off track, I know that I am thankful when my children put me back on the correct track. It is also a good feeling to know that they are aware of their choices and that sometimes we don’t always make the correct ones. It also reassures our children that we as parents, grandparents, and teachers, also make mistakes and sometimes bad choices.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Still I feel that the most important thing is to model for children, take the time to talk to them and of coarse to listen to them. We all like to be heard at some point in our lives even when were small. Work Cited http://www.llu.edu/lluch/safekids/safek4.html 5/2/05 http://www.cdu.gov/nccdphp/hnpa/5aday/faq/important_3.htm 5/2/05 http://www.nut.safe._heatlh/faq/safe4ki.html 5/2/05 http://ific.org/publications/bro/tentipkids.cfm 5/7/05 http://safeforchildren.families/ 23.htm Http://www.llu.edu’‘lluch/safekids/safek8.html 5/7/05 Robert Gonzales 5/9/05 Dorthoy Aguilar 5/9/05

Competitive Edge of Vitasoy

The Final Year Project of â€Å"Competitive Edge of VITASOY† Coventry University – BABA Table of Content Chapter 1 Abstract†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 3 Chapter 2 Background†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 4-5 2. 1) Background of VITASOY 2. 2) Aim & Mission Chapter 3 Research Objectives Chapter 4 Literature Review Chapter 5 Methodology Chapter 6 Conclusion Chapter 7 Recommendation Chapter 8 Ethical considerations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 19 Chapter 9 Scope and Limitation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦20 Chapter 10 Table Time †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 8 Chapter 11) Reference†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦21 Appendix I Chapter 1) Abstract: In this study, the topic is † Competitive edge of VITASOY†. I am going to study† VITASOY holding Ltd† and analyze the factors of marketing competitiveness of VITASOY. The business environment will be assessed by SWOT analysis and marketing mix. Besides, I am going to find out the reasons for the VITASOY success at the past . The current marketing strategies of VITASOY when facing the changing perception of customers a s well as how can increase competitiveness in the future. Besides, I am going to conduct a survey to collect data on internet. It can help us to analysis the reasons of competitive edge for VITASOY. I will collect primary data and secondary data. Primary data is questionnaires. Secondary data is journals and annual report of VITASOY. Competitive edge can help competitive analysis and recommendation will be providing some marketing plans for further to increase the marketing competitiveness. Chapter 2) Background 2. 1) Background of VITASOY VITASOY is 70th anniversary, which has been established for long time in Hong Kong. In 1940, the brainchild of Dr K. S. Lo, who was bringing the soymilk made from this healthy little bean to a wider market. Moreover, VITASOY was nutritious, high-protein soymilk that was sold at reasonable price to Hong Kong people after the World Wars. At first, VITASOY was delivered fresh to people's homes on bicycle; later VITASOY began selling their soya bean milk through retail outlets. In 1953, VITASOY started to adopt sterilization technology of VITASOY soymilk drinks. This enabled the drinks to be stored without refrigeration, therefore they grown the distribution and revolutionized the business. In 1975, VITASOY was the first Hong Kong Company to introduce Tetra Pak packaging technology for drinks production. The packaging system, which involves UHT (Ultra High Temperature) sterilization of the product and packaging in aseptic cartons, make sure the drink product can be kept for months in the normal atmospheric temperature. In 1976, VITASOY Ltd builds a new VITA line of juice drinks and was the world’s first ready-to-drink VITA lemon tea. The new product line can increase the competiveness. In 1987, New HK$100 million head office and plant opened in Tuen Mun ,Hong Kong In 1993, VITASOY gain a tofu plant in US. In 1994, VITASOY became a household name and a listed company (0345. HK) on the Stock Exchange of Hong Kong with plants located in Hong Kong, which is setting new standards of quality and innovation wherever its products are sold. In 2006, VITASOY launched in mainland China-Imported from Hong Kong under the Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement (CEPA). Therefore, VITASOY start to develop in the China market In 2007, a new product line â€Å"SAN SUI Tofu† was launched in Hong Kong. Nowadays, VITASOY product sells in over 40 markets around the world. VITASOY is a dynamic, international organization setting new standards of quality (Source: Vitasoy website) 2. 2) Aim and mission The VITASOY aims to sustain the leadership in promoting supreme quality of life by producing high quality, nutritious and great tasting products which will satisfy the needs of the market. The mission of the company is to promote well-being among consumer. The mission is attained by producing healthy and innovative products. The company is known to be innovative, with reliable employer and willing to create value for the shareholders. (Source: Vitasoy website-http://www. vitasoy. com/) Chapter 3)Research Objectives VITASOY is one of the most popular healthy beverages companies, which provides nutritious and healthy products. The main objective of this study is to find out what is the competitive edge of VITASOY. In this study, key focus on the questions included: †¢ How to maintain the position of market leader in beverage industry? †¢ How to increase the competitiveness in the future? What are the success factors for VITASOY in the customer ‘s point of view ? †¢ How to increase customer satisfaction and to sustain market share in the future? Chapter 4) Literature Review Article 4. 1-Competitive  strategy In this book, it has methods that proof to the long period. It point out that the competitive strategy research has been limited. Competitive strategy remains to the study of stra tegic management. We have understood organizational sources of advantage must be matched by knowledge on the strategies inaction through which these assets realize value in the market. Although this study has stated that cost and differentiation do play a important role in discriminating between competitive strategy designs, its had accumulate of the experience record has disclosed a more productive and more fine-grained descriptive system than that originally proposed, and has focused attention on the need for a more complete, specification of the link between competitive strategy and company performance. ( Source : Chichester. (2000). What have we learned about generic  competitive  strategy. A meta-analysis Colin Campbell-Hunt. Strategic Management Journal. Chichester:  Feb 2000. Vol. 21, Iss. 2;  pg. 127) Article 4. 2-Competitive advantage This book wrote that the concept of completive advantage, demonstrating that in compare to its apparent objectivity, it shows circularity, ambiguity, ontological problem and subjectivity. These inherent and intractable inadequacies suggest that it is poorly specified as an object of strategy. In searching to move beyond the limitations of competitive advantage, attempts to make a different between competition and strategy were sought. Strategy is how actors consciously or unconsciously seek to change company performance, as competition is the process by which performance becomes relative. Source : Jeremy Klein(2002) Beyond competitive advantage. Strategic Change. Chichester: Sep/Oct 2002. Vol. 11, Iss. 6; Article 4. 3 -New product development The writer suggested that I can use the micro level research to help build new product development. It needs to focus on new product development performance as results of information flow. It is affected by inf ormation available between firms with formal cooperation agreements. Besides, the writer suggested two methods of the formal external information network, variety and control, have an impact on a firm’s new product development performance. Moreover, it showed that there are three factors have different relationship of new product development performance: new product innovativeness, development time and market performance – provide a holistic, yet under-explored, view of new product development performance. ( Source : Kirk D (2004)New product development performance: Using networks to access information  Wessel, Ph. D. ,  The University of Utah Article 4. 4 -Competitive advantage The book explains the definition of competitive advantage. A firm  has  over its competitors, allowing it  to generate greater sales or margins and  retain more customers than its competition. There can be many types of competitive advantages including  the firm's  cost structure, product offerings,  distribution network and customer support. All of the factors can be use for Vitasoy to study for this research. ( Source :Linda Argote (2000). Knowledge Transfer: A Basis for Competitive Advantage in Firms Organizational Behavior and Human Decision ProcessesVolume 82, Issue 1, Pages 150-169 Article 4. 5 –BCG Matrix From Book: BCG STARS  (high growth, high market share) – Stars are defined by having high market share in a growing market. – Stars are the leaders in the business but still need a lot of support for promotion a placement. If market share is kept, Stars are likely to grow into cash cows. BCG QUESTION MARKS (high growth, low market share) – These products are in growing markets but have low market share. – Question marks are essentially new products where buyers have yet to discover them. – The marketing strategy is to get markets to adopt these products. – Question marks have high demands and low returns due to low market share. BCG CASH COWS (low growth, high market share) – Cash cows are in a position of high market share in a mature market. – If competitive advantage has been achieved, cash cows have high profit margins and generate a lot of cash flow. Because of the low growth, promotion and placement investments are low. – Investments into supporting infrastructure can improve efficiency and increase cash flow more. – Cash cows are the products that businesses strive for. BCG DOGS (low growth, low market share)- Dogs are in low growth markets and have low market share. – Dogs should be avoided and minimized. – Expensive turn-around plans usually do not help. My review: BCG Matrix have been used in this project, it can analysis Vitasoy of market and growth. It can help us to know more improvement. [pic] My review: BCG Matrix analyzes the traditional Vitasoy Soya milk, the product is the Cash Cow group. Because the business has high market share compared to competitors. The future growth is limited and slow growing. This is a mature market leader. As the market has matured, the enterprise is not easy to expand the market size. It is the market leader. They can have high margin and cash flow. This business generates a lot of cash and helps the organization invest in other businesses. Since the market does not attract new players, this business does not need substantial investments to keep the market share. Cash Cows have to protect and keep the market share stable and maximize cash flow. (Source: Ricky W. Griffin . Management. Cengage Learning, 2006 – page. 219 Article 4. 6- SWOT analysis A SWOT analysis must first start with defining a desired end state or objective. A SWOT analysis may be incorporated into the strategic planning model. Strategic Planning has been the subject of much research. Strengths: characteristics of the business or team that give it an advantage over others in the industry. Weaknesses: are characteristics that place the firm at a disadvantage relative to others. Opportunities:  external  chances to make greater sales or profits in the environment. Threats:  external  elements in the environment that could cause trouble for the business. Identification of SWOTs is essential because subsequent steps in the process of planning for achievement of the selected objective may be derived from the SWOTs. My review: SWOT analysis have been used, it is useful to analyze the information of Vitasoy. Beside, Strengths and weaknesses can study internal environmental and Opportunities and threats can study external environmental. The strengths is the seem to be Marketing Mix (5P) A) Product Vitasoy product includes soya, VITA, SAI SUI, CULCU-PLUS and Tsing Sum Zhan products. Soya Products line includes Vitasoy Soya bean Milk, Malted Soya bean milk, Dark Chocolate Soya bean Milk, melon soya milk. VITA product line includes lemon tea, Ceylon Lemon Tea, Juice and Pure Distilled Water. SAN SUI product line includes Black Soya Milk, Tofa Dessert, Silken Tofu, Pan Fried Hard Tofu. CALCI-PLUS product line includes Fiber, Collages and Oat. Tsing Sum Zhan product line includes Fid and White fungus Drink, Rock Sugar lily Bulb and Papaya Drink. Vitasoy have more product lines to provide health product. The soya drinks are high quality, high calcium and low fat. It can help people to protect their bone and health. Beside, Vitasoy enjoy developing new taste and package to meet young people, such as red bean soya and melon soya. In the result of survey, it point out most people consider the taste of drink to choose Vitasoy. B) Place Vitasoy have many distributors so Vitasoy soya milk often sells in supermarkets, stores, convenience shops. People can buy it easily. In the result of survey, most people think that they can easy to purchase Vitasoy soya milk. 8% people buy it in supermarkets. Wellcome and Parknshop can provide a lot of types of products to choose and the price is cheaper. 32% people buy in convenience shop. 7-11 and Circle K are more convenience although the price is higher than others. Vitasoy have a large market share. C) Price Supermarket of Wellcome and Parknshop sold Vitasoy soya bean milk 375ml with HK$3. 5. Convenience shop of Circle K and 7-11 sold it with HK$4. 5. The price of Vitasoy soya milk 375ml is about HK$3. 5 – HK$4. 5. If we compare with other drink, the selling price of Vitasoy is very reasonable. In the result of survey, most people think that the price of Vitasoy is reasonable. And 30% consumers consider the price is the reason to purchase Vitasoy products. Therefore, the price of Vitasoy has competitive advantage D) Promotion Effective promotion or advertising is a method on how companies can effectively market their products in a marketing environment. Effective marketing strategy means that the products of Vitasoy being provided are always excellent. You can see the Vitasoy‘s advertisement in  mass media. For example: TV, radio, newspapers, magazine, internet and mobile phones etc. Vitasoy invest a lot of money in the promotion in order to keeping creating a new image to attract teenage and remain Vitasoy is not outdated. Beside, Vitasoy have enjoy to cooperate with green enterprise and charity organizations as it will increase their positive image. E) People People are the most important element of any service or experience. Therefore, Vitasoy respect the staff development. Vitasoy will provide training and education to improve employees’ performance and maintain a high quality of personal service ( Source : David W. Pickton,  ( 1998) Strategic Change. Volume 7,  Issue 2,  pages 101–109 Article 4. 7 – Identifications of SWOT Strengths: attributes of the organization that is helpful to achieving the objective. Weaknesses: attributes of the organization that is harmful to achieving the objective. Opportunities: external conditions that is helpful to achieving the objective. Threats: external conditions that is harmful to achieving the objective. It is critical that correct identifications of SWOT's are identified because of the subsequent steps in the process of planning for the achievement of the selected objective are to be derived from the SWOT's. Source: Lawrence G. Fine (2009). The SWOT Analysis: Using Your Strength to Overcome Weaknesses, Using Opportunities to Overcome Threats. CreateSpace Article 4. 8– Research Primary Research – Advantages Greater Control – Not only does primary research enable the marketer to focus on specific issues, it also enables the marketer to have a higher level of control over how the information is collected. In this way the marketer can decide on such issues as size of project (e. g. , how many responses), location of research (e. g. , geographic area) and time frame for completing the project. Efficient Spending for Information – Unlike secondary research where the marketer may spend for information that is not needed, primary data collections’ focus on issues specific to the researcher improves the chances that research funds will be spent efficiently. Proprietary Information – Information collected by the marketer using primary research is their own and is generally not shared with others. Thus, information can be kept hidden from competitors and potentially offer an â€Å"information advantage† to the company that undertook the primary research. (Source : Albert Breneman (1998). State of the art marketing research. McGraw-Hill Professional, 1998 – page 40 ) Article 4. 9 – Research |Method |Comments | |Telephone interviews |Not to be confused with â€Å"telesales† (which is a method of selling), the telephone interview allow quicker| | |feedback than a postal survey. However, potential customers are often wary of being called and may be | | |reluctant to give anything other than short answers |Online surveys |Increasingly popular and relatively low cost, online surveys are widely used by small businesses as a way| | |of capturing the views of existing and potential customers | |Face-to-face surveys |Personal interviews conducted face-to-face. A costly, but good way to get detailed insights from an | | |individual | |Focus groups |Groups of potential customers are brought together to discuss their feelings about a product or market. | |Focus groups are a good way of getting detailed information about customer tastes and preferences | (Sou rce : Jan Wiid,  Colin Diggines (2010). Marketing Research. Juta and Company Ltd,. page 84) Article 4. 10 The company’s strong brand has given it an edge in the respective markets it serves. The company owns two production facilities in Shenzhen and Shanghai which manufacture Vitasoy products for the local markets as well as for exports to Chinatowns in Western countries via Hong Kong. The distinct characteristic of the business is its ability to adapt itself to the local market. The company is able to tailor made packaging and customize its product formulas depending on the local cultures of its targeted markets. For instance, in China, only the Vitasoy brand exists. The company employs the â€Å"1 business, 1 core brand and core city† strategy in marketing its products in more established and prosperous cities in China. . Each region in China is given different taste profiles to market its products. Black bean and sesame favours are some of the popular ones used in its products in accordance with local market tastes. ( Source : Bizad Abroad (2009) . Vitasoy Post Trip  Report ) Article 4. 11 – Vitasoy Cash Cow The efficiency of financial management, specifically the cash flow management is judged by the success in achieving the firm's goal. The shareholder wealth maximization goal states that management should endeavour to maximize the net present (or current) value of the expected future cash flows to the shareholders of the firm. Net present value refers to the discounted sum of the expected net cash flows. Some of the cash flows, such as capital outlays, are cash outflows, while some, such as cash proceeds from sales, are cash inflows. Net cash flows are obtained by subtracting a given period's cash outflows from that period's cash inflows ( 2002). The discount rate takes into account the timing and risk of the future cash flows that are available from an investment. The longer it takes to receive a cash flow, the lower the value investors place on that cash flow now. The greater the risk associated with receiving a future cash flow, the lower the value investors place on that cash flow. (Source : Research Proposal: Evaluation of the Efficacy of Cash Flow Management System of Vitasoy International Holdings Limited) Article 4. 12 – Problem of melamine-tainted product The scandal was blamed for the deaths of at least six babies. More than 300,000 fell ill, mainly with kidney problems. The suspects associated with Lekang Dairy were identified as general manager Zhang Wenxue and vice general managers Zhu Shuming and Tong Tianhu. The fourth suspect was Ma Shuanglin, a milk powder dealer. The report came a day after state media said the mainland had launched a new probe into food safety after the discovery that melamine-tainted products had found their way back on to the market. Source : City in clear as killer China milk returns. The Standard – free newspaper distributed on 4 February 2010) Article 4. 13 – Current marketing Strategies: Differentiation [pic] A differentiation strategy is appropriate where the target customer segment is not price-sensitive, the market is competitive or saturated, Vitasoy ‘s customers have very specific needs which are possibly under-served, and the firm has unique resources and capabilities which enable it to satisfy these needs in ways that are difficult to copy. These could include patents or other Intellectual Property, unique technical expertise, talented personnel, or innovative processes. Successful brand management also results in perceived uniqueness even when the physical product is the same as competitors. (Source: Ferrell, Michael (2010). Marketing Strategy. Hartline. Page. 209 ) Article4. 14 -Vitasoy business in China Only 30 years after it began to open and liberalize its economy, China offers its consumers an extraordinary range of brands and products that no other country, even the wealthy consumer markets of Japan, Europe, and the United States, can match. In any convenience store in Shanghai or Dalian, you can find Western beverages such as Coke, Pepsi, and Schweppes; Japanese soft drinks made by Suntory, Kirin, and Sapporo; Taiwanese flavors under the Uni-President label; Hong Kong brands such as Vitasoy; and local teas, coffees, soy milks, and fruit drinks. Chinese companies make their own versions of every international flavor, and many flavors that are not produced elsewhere. (Source : The challenge of doing business in Chinaby  GRAEME CODRINGTON  on  MARCH 29, 2010) Chapter 5) Methodologies to be used The study aims on identifying the reasons of the competitive edge of VITASOY. The primary data and secondary data research are used. . Moreover, in order to determine the marketing strategies of VITASOY, the collected data have been analysis and make the finding. The result will been use the diagram and chart to point out. 5. 1) Primary data Primary data is collected questionnaires via online. The information can find out the marketing strategy of Vitasoy and help to find the development method. 5. 1. 1) Questionnaires: Online questionnaires have advantage . First, it is easy to collect a large number of people data by e-mail or internet and low cost to organize. Second, it can focus on the object. The questionnaires will be sent to consumer of VITASOY in order to collect information for analysis customer purchasing behavior and brand loyalty. |Content of Questionnaires | |The respondents detail: | |No. f questionnaires: |About 150 pcs (n=150) | |Kinds of respondents: |Over 18 years old , all careers, all sex | |Questionnaires detail: | |Part A – Respondents description: |Customer segment -Age, Sex, Careers | |Part B – Perception of respondents: |Find out Marketing Mix (5Ps) | |Part C – Perception of respondents: |Find out the key competitor | |Part D – Perception of respondents: |Find out the information of SWOT analysis | |Part E – Perception of respondents: |Recommendation | 5. 2) Secondary data Sources of secondary data find in Journals, books, newspapers & Annual report of VITASOY Secondary data analysis can save time that would be spent collecting data. It can provide larger and higher-quality databases than would be unfeasible for any individual researcher to collect on their own. We can know more the current development of the company and analysis the data. 5. 3 ) Primary Analysis-Data findings, analysis The survey was conducted in June 2011. I used online research and invited people, total interviewee are 150 people (100 Online research and 50 people was face to face interview). The findings are listed below: Part A – Customer segment A1) What is your age group? [pic] In Part A figure of A1, about 40% people is below 21years old. Second, 30% people were 21-30 years old. A2) Gender [pic] In Part A figure of A2, 53% customers were female and 47% customer was male. A3) Monthly income [pic] In Part A figure of A3, most customers of the monthly income are below $6000. 24% people find $6000-$10000 per month. Part B –Find out the information for marketing Mix (5Ps) B1) What kind of the Vitasoy product lines are you like? [pic] In Part B figure of B1, Most people like Vitasoy soya product. 18% people like juice and 15% people like tea. B2) What kind of package do you like more? [pic] In Part B of figure B2, 49% people like Vitasoy soya product package with 375ml. 24% people like the package with 250ml. B3) Why are you choose Vitasoy product? [pic] In Part B of figure B3, 42% people think that their reason of choose Vitasoy product is taste. And 25% interviewees think the price is the second reason. B4) How do you known regarding Vitasoy [pic] In Part B of figure B4, most interviewees know regarding Vitasoy from TV advertising. From internet and word of mouth are also 20%. B5) Have you used any Vitasoy's promotional discount (one time within 1 week)? [pic] In Part B of figure B5, most people sold that they have used the discount of â€Å"buy 1 get 1 free â€Å" And 50 people have used discount card to buy Vitasoy products. B6) Where are you usually purchase of Vitasoy products? [pic] In Part B of figure B6, 38% people usually by Vitasoy product in supermarket and 32% people like to buy it in convenience shop. And 20 % interviewees like to purchase it in vending machines. Part C – Find out the key competitor C1) What brand would you purchase except Vitasoy? [pic] In Part C of figure C1, the result listed that HI-C is the key competitor as all products are popular. In soya product, Tai Wo is second key competitor. In Juice product and water, NO FRILLS is second key competitor. In tea product, Hung Fook Tong is second key competitor. C2 ) Why do you purchase it (refer to C1) [pic] In Part C of figure C1, the result showed that the advantage of the related companies. The advantages of HI-C are strong branding and the product taste. The advantage of Hung Fook Tong is that their products are healthy. The advantages of Tai Wo are that their products are healthy and low price. The advantage of NO FRILLS is that their products are low price. C3) Will you recommended VITASOY to new consumer? [pic] In Part C of figure C1, most interviewees will recommend Vitasoy product to other consumer. Part D- Find out the information of SWOT analysis D1) Which factor is the most important of the strengths of Vitasoy? [pic] In Part D of figure D1, the result of survey showed that the strength of Vitasoy, 48% interviewees think the brand name is important factor. And â€Å"Quality assurance† is 20% and â€Å"Product diversifications† is 17%. D2) Which factor is the most important of the weaknesses of Vitasoy? [pic] In Part D of figure D2, the result showed that the weak of Vitasoy, 37% interviewees think that â€Å"Old fashion† is the main weaknesses. And â€Å"Limited verities of product line† is also weaknesses, Part E – New product development E1) Do you think VITASOY need to create new product? [pic] In Part E of figure E1, most interviewees hope VITASOY can create new product line. E2) What new products do you expect? [pic] In Part E of figure E2, 34% people look forward Vitasoy create wine product and 25% people want Vitasoy create new taste of juice. E3 ) Which of the following need to improve? [pic] In Part E of figure E2, according to the result of survey regarding need to improve. â€Å"Channel complaint† and â€Å"product choice† are also 35% Chapter 6) Conclusion In conclusion, we have collected 150 interview reports include 50 face to face interviews and 100 researches from online. The data have been analysis and made the finding in order to provide the recommendation. The segment of Vitasoy has been found. About 70% people is below 30 years old. About 60% interviewees are female. And over 50% interviewees of the income are below $10000. The Vitasoy target customers are teenager and low income as they think Vitasoy is low price and healthy food. According the survey, we can know the Marketing Mix. Regarding Product, people more like 375ml Soya than other. The reason of choosing Vitasoy product is taste. The Soya product is Vitasoy main product line. People usually consider the taste when they purchase the drink. 18% and 15% interviewees also like juice and tea. Therefore, Juice and tea may have potential to develop. For promotion, 45% interviewees think that they know Vitasoy information from TV advertising. Beside, 20% is Word of mouth, it is also important and Vitasoy have to show the positive image. 20% is internet as young people other enjoy on internet. Vitasoy should provide more promotion on internet, and then they will know more Vitasoy and do not feel the brand is outdated. Most interviewees have used the discount of â€Å"Buy one get one free† within 1 week. The promotion can attract customers to buy. And 50 people said that they have used the discount card to buy Vitasoy product, it can increase customer loyalty. There are 38% interviewees buy Vitasoy product in supermarket and 32% buy in convenience shop. As there are many distributors of Vitasoy, people can by it easily. However, a few people buy it at vending machines. According the survey, four other brand products have been compared in the project. Although consumers showed that they have confidence with Vitasoy and they think that quality assurance is the strength, the competitors also have competitive in the market. For example , HI-C is the major competitor in market, they have more product line and good promotion for teenager. Their Lemon Tea product have a large market share and competitive. Beside, for soya product is the second competitor. For juice and water product, NO FRILLS is the second competitor. For daily product, Tai Wo is the second competitor. In SWOT analysis, it showed Vitasoy is a superiority company in the market. It is because the Vitasoy product is differentiations, product line, different taste, and suitable packing can make more attractive for the target customer. Customers have confidence as strong branding with positive image and good quality control. People can buy Vitasoy product everywhere and every time as Vitasoy have large distributors’ network. And the strong promotion team let the product more popularity and create potential market. Some of interviewees think that the Vitasoy brand is old fashion and limited kinds of product line. Therefore, Vitasoy should improve the image to fashion and meet young people as well as create new product to maintain the attraction fresh. The survey pointed out that most interviewees (88%) want to have more new product. It can keep customer fresh and increase market sales and market share. 34 % people suggested that wine is consideration of new product line and 25% people want to have new taste of juice. Chapter 7) Recommendation After do the research, the information can study and let us more knowledge about Vitasoy Company. We have known that Vitasoy is a popular brand to made healthy drink with high quality. Vitasoy have got more product quality awards and environmental awards, so their image is positive. However, BCG Matrix showed Vitasoy is cash cow. The mean is high market share and cash flow, but no more business growth rate. Beside, the competitor will affect Vitasoy profit. HI-C had invested more in promotion and new product development. It was developing two new taste soya products within 2 years such as Creme Caramel soya milk and Corn soya milk. Vitasoy also focus on existing product improvement. Improvement of image As Vitasoy is old brand, young people may think it is outdated. They may try other new brand. Vitasoy need to consider the customer behaviour and improve the promotion for target group. For example, it can create some video about friendship or love story and post into â€Å"Youtrue† and Facebook to attract young people attention. New product development In the result of survey, interviewees look forward wine product line. As changing of the eating culture, people will enjoy drink wine and wine is a healthy drink. New product line can increase marketing and profit. Chapter 8) Table Time We will follow the above time table to study our project. It can help us to control the time management effective. Chapter 9) Ethical considerations All research has been conducted in an ethical manner. This obvious statement means that all phases of a research study, from planning and design to reporting, must be conducted in accordance with accepted standards of ethical behavior. All responses will stored securely, and once the information has been analyzed, all data will be securely stored . participation in this study is entirely voluntary. Respondents to questionnaires rarely benefit personally from their efforts and the least the researcher can do is to thank them. Even though the covering letter will express appreciation for the help given, it is also a nice gesture to finish the questionnaire with a further thank you. Moreover, the secondary data will search by journal and book and the source will be list. Source : Mark Walsh,Lynne Wigens . Introduction to research. Nelson Thornes, 2003. page106 Chapter 10) Scope and Limitation 10. 1) Scope Our proposal is going to focus on competitive edge of VITASOY. We study the reasons of the VITASOY success at the past. The current marketing strategies have keeping the competitive advantage. And find out the new method to increase competitiveness in the future. Recommendations would be giving to VITASOY Holding Ltd. in proposing new resource to increase the marketing competitiveness. We proposed to distribute and conduct the survey within in 4 mouths. 10. 2) Limitation Not easy to find the suitable journal and book to study in the public library, we need to find in the university library. If the survey period changes to 6 months, the results will better. Chapter 11)Reference: Website: 1. Vitasoy Holding Ltd. http://www. vitasoy. com/ 2. Skill of research: http://brent. tvu. ac. uk/dissguide/hm1u3/hm1u3text3. htm Books: 3. Effective Marking: Creating and Keeping. 2002 Zikmund, William G 4. Successful Marketing: Get Brilliant Results Fast. 2009. Pauline Rowson. 5. Healthy competition: With new CEO, Vitasoy USA fights to stay atop tofu market. 2004. Andi Esposito. Journals: 6. Chichester. 2000. What have we learned about generic  competitive  strategy? A meta-analysis Colin Campbell-Hunt. Strategic Management Journal. Chichester:  Feb 2000. Vol. 21, Iss. 2;  pg. 127 7. Beyond competitive advantage. Jeremy Klein. Strategic Change. Chichester: Sep/Oct 2002. Vol. 11, Iss. 6; p. 317 8. New product development performance: Using networks to access information by  Wessel, Kirk D. , Ph. D. ,  The University of Utah, 2004, 119 pages; AAT 3137310 This is the end of this project.